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                            [faq_title] => What Are the Most Critical Updates in Cirrhosis Research That Clinicians Should Be Aware Of?
                            [faq_description] => Cirrhosis is often considered an irreversible liver disease, but is there a chance for early-stage reversal? In this episode, Janet Gripshover, CRNP, Nurse Manager for the Cedars-Sinai Liver Transplant Program, dives deep into the latest advancements in cirrhosis treatment, liver transplant eligibility, and the evolving landscape of transplantation. She discusses the critical role of early detection, how decompensated cirrhosis impacts survival rates, and the growing trend of earlier liver transplants across the nation.

Janet also explores how alcohol use disorder (AUD) and metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are shaping transplant needs, along with groundbreaking efforts to incorporate AUD treatment into hepatology clinics. With MASLD (formerly known as NAFLD) now being the fastest-growing cause of cirrhosis and liver transplantation, she emphasizes the importance of weight loss as a key strategy for disease management. Research shows that a 7% weight loss can significantly improve liver health by mobilizing fat out of the liver and reducing disease progression.

Additionally, she highlights why identifying a surrogate decision-maker is crucial for patients with advanced cirrhosis. Once a patient experiences their first decompensated episode, the average life expectancy is less than two years, and some complications can impair decision-making. Having a surrogate involved early ensures that medical choices align with the patient’s values and preferences.

For more expert insights on liver disease and transplantation, subscribe now and visit the Gastroenterology & Hepatology Advanced Practice Provider (GHAPP) website or download the GHAPP app on iOS and Android. Stay informed, stay empowered, and improve patient care.
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                            [faq_description] => Cirrhosis is often considered an irreversible liver disease, but is there a chance for early-stage reversal? In this episode, Janet Gripshover, CRNP, Nurse Manager for the Cedars-Sinai Liver Transplant Program, dives deep into the latest advancements in cirrhosis treatment, liver transplant eligibility, and the evolving landscape of transplantation. She discusses the critical role of early detection, how decompensated cirrhosis impacts survival rates, and the growing trend of earlier liver transplants across the nation.

Janet also explores how alcohol use disorder (AUD) and metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are shaping transplant needs, along with groundbreaking efforts to incorporate AUD treatment into hepatology clinics. With MASLD (formerly known as NAFLD) now being the fastest-growing cause of cirrhosis and liver transplantation, she emphasizes the importance of weight loss as a key strategy for disease management. Research shows that a 7% weight loss can significantly improve liver health by mobilizing fat out of the liver and reducing disease progression.

Additionally, she highlights why identifying a surrogate decision-maker is crucial for patients with advanced cirrhosis. Once a patient experiences their first decompensated episode, the average life expectancy is less than two years, and some complications can impair decision-making. Having a surrogate involved early ensures that medical choices align with the patient’s values and preferences.

For more expert insights on liver disease and transplantation, subscribe now and visit the Gastroenterology & Hepatology Advanced Practice Provider (GHAPP) website or download the GHAPP app on iOS and Android. Stay informed, stay empowered, and improve patient care.
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                            [faq_description] => Cirrhosis is a progressive liver disease that requires early detection, effective management, and patient education to improve outcomes. In this video, Allison Moser, NP, a Transplant Hepatology Nurse Practitioner at Rush University Medical Center, shares key strategies for healthcare professionals to enhance patient care.

She discusses the importance of early screenings for high-risk individuals, including those with a history of alcohol use, metabolic syndrome, and viral hepatitis. By utilizing blood tests, imaging, and elastography, providers can detect cirrhosis early and intervene before complications arise. Managing the root cause—whether through antivirals, alcohol cessation, or lifestyle modifications—is critical to slowing disease progression.

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Stay informed on the latest research and treatment options to provide the best possible outcomes for cirrhosis patients. Subscribe for more expert insights and visit the Gastroenterology & Hepatology Advanced Practice Provider (GHAPP) website for additional resources.
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She discusses the importance of early screenings for high-risk individuals, including those with a history of alcohol use, metabolic syndrome, and viral hepatitis. By utilizing blood tests, imaging, and elastography, providers can detect cirrhosis early and intervene before complications arise. Managing the root cause—whether through antivirals, alcohol cessation, or lifestyle modifications—is critical to slowing disease progression.

As cirrhosis advances, patients may develop ascites, esophageal varices, and hepatic encephalopathy. Allison explains how medications like diuretics, beta-blockers, lactulose, and rifaximin help manage these complications and reduce hospitalizations. For patients with end-stage liver disease, early referral for liver transplant evaluation using MELD score assessments can be life-saving.

Beyond medical treatment, patient education and mental health support play a crucial role. Healthcare professionals must emphasize healthy lifestyle choices, alcohol avoidance, and emotional well-being to empower patients in managing their condition. A multidisciplinary approach, involving hepatologists, dietitians, and mental health specialists, ensures comprehensive patient care.

Stay informed on the latest research and treatment options to provide the best possible outcomes for cirrhosis patients. Subscribe for more expert insights and visit the Gastroenterology & Hepatology Advanced Practice Provider (GHAPP) website for additional resources.
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                            [faq_title] => How Does the Guselkumab Data Align With the STRIDE II Guidelines?
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Johnson & Johnson for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this video, Erin Darguzas, NP, from the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center at Northwestern Medicine, discusses how Guselkumab data aligns with STRIDE II guidelines for monitoring IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) patients over time. Developed by International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD) members, STRIDE II provides a treat-to-target framework that outlines short-term, intermediate, and long-term goals for achieving disease control.

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In maintenance trials, clinical responders from the induction phase were randomized into maintenance arms, with Week 44 clinical remission as the primary endpoint. Additional key outcomes included corticosteroid-free remission, sustained clinical response, endoscopic improvement, and mucosal healing—meeting intermediate and long-term STRIDE II targets.

By demonstrating both short- and long-term efficacy, Guselkumab shows potential for long-term IBD management in alignment with STRIDE II treatment goals. For more expert insights on IBD treatment strategies, visit the Gastroenterology & Hepatology Advanced Practice Provider (GHAPP) website.

Subscribe for more IBD updates!
#IBD #InflammatoryBowelDisease #Guselkumab #STRIDEII #Gastroenterology #Crohns #UlcerativeColitis #MucosalHealing
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In maintenance trials, clinical responders from the induction phase were randomized into maintenance arms, with Week 44 clinical remission as the primary endpoint. Additional key outcomes included corticosteroid-free remission, sustained clinical response, endoscopic improvement, and mucosal healing—meeting intermediate and long-term STRIDE II targets.

By demonstrating both short- and long-term efficacy, Guselkumab shows potential for long-term IBD management in alignment with STRIDE II treatment goals. For more expert insights on IBD treatment strategies, visit the Gastroenterology & Hepatology Advanced Practice Provider (GHAPP) website.

Subscribe for more IBD updates!
#IBD #InflammatoryBowelDisease #Guselkumab #STRIDEII #Gastroenterology #Crohns #UlcerativeColitis #MucosalHealing
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A low-sodium diet is also essential, with a daily limit of no more than 2,000 mg of sodium to help reduce fluid retention, leg swelling, and abdominal ascites. Patients should avoid processed and canned foods, which are often high in sodium, and eliminate raw or undercooked shellfish to prevent infections. Additionally, reducing sugary drinks, refined sugar, and red meat intake can support overall liver health.

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Once cirrhosis is diagnosed, patient education becomes essential. Providers should emphasize the importance of abstinence from alcohol, as patients may unknowingly continue drinking if unaware of their condition. It is also vital to stress adherence to medications like lactulose to prevent complications such as hepatic encephalopathy. Additionally, patients should undergo liver cancer screening every six months through abdominal ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein testing, as cirrhotic patients are at higher risk for liver cancer. 

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                            [faq_title] => Is There a Correlation Between Myeloid Cells Expressing CD64 and Endoscopic Disease Severity?
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Johnson & Johnson for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this video module, Amy Stewart, NP, from Capital Digestive Care, in Washington, D.C., explores the potential correlation between CD64-expressing myeloid cells and endoscopic disease severity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

CD64 is a plasma membrane receptor found on myeloid cells, a category of blood cells originating from the bone marrow. Myeloid cells include monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells, all of which play an essential role in the innate immune response.

In IBD, these immune cells contribute to inflammation through the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-23 and IL-12, which are generated by mononuclear phagocytes. Research has identified CD64-positive myeloid cells as a primary source of IL-23 in inflamed gut tissues, particularly in patients with Crohn’s disease.

One study has demonstrated that in patients with Crohn’s disease, the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD) was positively correlated with the presence of CD64-expressing cells. Additionally, CD64-positive cells accumulate in inflamed colonic tissues, and their proportion is directly associated with disease severity, regardless of treatment history, demographics, or disease classification.

Understanding the underlying pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is crucial for treatment decision-making. The presence of CD64-positive myeloid cells as key players in IL-23-driven inflammation suggests that targeting these pathways could provide new therapeutic insights for managing moderate to severe IBD.

For more insights on emerging research in IBD, visit the GHAPP website for the latest updates on disease mechanisms, treatment options, and clinical guidelines.
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                            [faq_title] => Is There a Correlation Between Myeloid Cells Expressing CD64 and Endoscopic Disease Severity?
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Johnson & Johnson for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this video module, Amy Stewart, NP, from Capital Digestive Care, in Washington, D.C., explores the potential correlation between CD64-expressing myeloid cells and endoscopic disease severity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

CD64 is a plasma membrane receptor found on myeloid cells, a category of blood cells originating from the bone marrow. Myeloid cells include monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells, all of which play an essential role in the innate immune response.

In IBD, these immune cells contribute to inflammation through the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-23 and IL-12, which are generated by mononuclear phagocytes. Research has identified CD64-positive myeloid cells as a primary source of IL-23 in inflamed gut tissues, particularly in patients with Crohn’s disease.

One study has demonstrated that in patients with Crohn’s disease, the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD) was positively correlated with the presence of CD64-expressing cells. Additionally, CD64-positive cells accumulate in inflamed colonic tissues, and their proportion is directly associated with disease severity, regardless of treatment history, demographics, or disease classification.

Understanding the underlying pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is crucial for treatment decision-making. The presence of CD64-positive myeloid cells as key players in IL-23-driven inflammation suggests that targeting these pathways could provide new therapeutic insights for managing moderate to severe IBD.

For more insights on emerging research in IBD, visit the GHAPP website for the latest updates on disease mechanisms, treatment options, and clinical guidelines.
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                            [faq_title] => Why Is Binding CD64+ Important When Discussing IL-23 Directed Therapy?
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Join Sarah Enslin, PA-C, from the University of Rochester Medical Center, as she explores the latest advancements in CD64-positive cell targeting and IL-23-directed therapy. This innovative approach enhances the specificity and effectiveness of treatment for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by engaging immune cells responsible for chronic inflammation.

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For more information on the latest research in rheumatology and immunology, visit the GHAPP website or download the GHAPP ACE app.
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                            [faq_title] => Why Is Binding CD64+ Important When Discussing IL-23 Directed Therapy?
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Join Sarah Enslin, PA-C, from the University of Rochester Medical Center, as she explores the latest advancements in CD64-positive cell targeting and IL-23-directed therapy. This innovative approach enhances the specificity and effectiveness of treatment for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by engaging immune cells responsible for chronic inflammation.

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For more information on the latest research in rheumatology and immunology, visit the GHAPP website or download the GHAPP ACE app.
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                            [faq_title] => Provide Immunologic Rationale for IL-23 Directed Therapy in IBD
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Johnson & Johnson for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this informative FAQ video module, Sarah Enslin, a physician assistant at the University of Rochester Medical Center, discusses the role of Interleukin-23 (IL-23) in treating immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Sponsored by Johnson & Johnson, this video highlights how IL-23 directed therapies have revolutionized the management of IBD, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Sarah explains how IL-23, primarily produced by dendritic cells and macrophages, is central to the development of TH17 cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells involved in chronic inflammation. In IBD, IL-23 signaling promotes the activation and differentiation of TH17 cells in the intestinal mucosa, which secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-17, damaging the intestinal barrier, leading to inflammation and disease progression.

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Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of IL-23 directed therapies, with patients experiencing significant reductions in disease severity, improved clinical symptoms, and an overall enhanced quality of life.

This module is a valuable resource for advanced practice providers, including physician assistants and nurse practitioners, who are looking to expand their knowledge on the latest IBD treatment advancements and IL-23 inhibition therapies. For more information visit the GHAPP website or download the GHAPP ACE app.
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                            [faq_title] => Provide Immunologic Rationale for IL-23 Directed Therapy in IBD
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Johnson & Johnson for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this informative FAQ video module, Sarah Enslin, a physician assistant at the University of Rochester Medical Center, discusses the role of Interleukin-23 (IL-23) in treating immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Sponsored by Johnson & Johnson, this video highlights how IL-23 directed therapies have revolutionized the management of IBD, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

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One of the leading therapies in this class is Guselkumab, a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the p19 subunit of IL-23, inhibiting its signaling pathway. By targeting IL-23 without affecting other immune responses (such as IL-12 driven pathways), Guselkumab can reduce TH17 cell activation and the inflammation they cause, leading to improved disease outcomes. This selective blockade not only benefits the gut but also extends to skin and joints, offering a comprehensive approach to treating IBD.

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                            [faq_title] => What Is the Role of the IL-23/IL-17 Axis in IBD?
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Johnson & Johnson for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a complex condition influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. In this FAQ video module, Amy Stewart, ARNP, from Capital Digestive Care in Washington, DC, explains the critical role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in the pathogenesis of IBD. Supported by Johnson & Johnson, this discussion explores the cytokine-driven inflammatory pathways that contribute to chronic intestinal inflammation and how they can be targeted for effective treatment.

IL-23 (Interleukin-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine primarily produced by macrophages and dendritic cells in response to microbial stimulation. It plays a pivotal role in promoting chronic inflammation in IBD by inducing a unique inflammatory gene signature. This leads to the differentiation of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, a specialized subset of T cells that drive inflammation. The activation of IL-23 receptors triggers a cascade of immune responses through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, further amplifying the inflammatory process. Additionally, IL-17, a key cytokine regulated by IL-23, plays a major role in neutrophil activation and immune modulation, influencing both infection resistance and autoimmune pathology.

Given the central role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in IBD and other autoimmune diseases, understanding these inflammatory pathways is crucial for developing targeted therapies. Many modern biologic treatments for IBD are designed to modulate these specific cytokines, helping to reduce inflammation and improve patient outcomes.

Join Amy Stewart, NP, in this expert discussion to gain deeper insights into the IL-23/IL-17 pathway and its implications for IBD treatment strategies. For more information and to explore the latest advancements in IBD care, visit the GHAPP website.
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                            [faq_title] => What Is the Role of the IL-23/IL-17 Axis in IBD?
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Johnson & Johnson for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a complex condition influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. In this FAQ video module, Amy Stewart, ARNP, from Capital Digestive Care in Washington, DC, explains the critical role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in the pathogenesis of IBD. Supported by Johnson & Johnson, this discussion explores the cytokine-driven inflammatory pathways that contribute to chronic intestinal inflammation and how they can be targeted for effective treatment.

IL-23 (Interleukin-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine primarily produced by macrophages and dendritic cells in response to microbial stimulation. It plays a pivotal role in promoting chronic inflammation in IBD by inducing a unique inflammatory gene signature. This leads to the differentiation of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, a specialized subset of T cells that drive inflammation. The activation of IL-23 receptors triggers a cascade of immune responses through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, further amplifying the inflammatory process. Additionally, IL-17, a key cytokine regulated by IL-23, plays a major role in neutrophil activation and immune modulation, influencing both infection resistance and autoimmune pathology.

Given the central role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in IBD and other autoimmune diseases, understanding these inflammatory pathways is crucial for developing targeted therapies. Many modern biologic treatments for IBD are designed to modulate these specific cytokines, helping to reduce inflammation and improve patient outcomes.

Join Amy Stewart, NP, in this expert discussion to gain deeper insights into the IL-23/IL-17 pathway and its implications for IBD treatment strategies. For more information and to explore the latest advancements in IBD care, visit the GHAPP website.
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                            [faq_title] => Describe the IL-23/IL-17 Axis
                            [faq_description] => Welcome to this FAQ video module, proudly supported by Johnson & Johnson. 

In this educational session, Erica Heagy, NP, from Alaska Digestive and Liver Disease, explores the IL-23/IL-17 axis, a crucial pathway in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and other immune-mediated disorders.

The IL-23 cytokine plays a pivotal role in promoting Th17 cell differentiation, which in turn produces pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-17A, IL-17F, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-6. IL-17, a key driver of chronic inflammation, is overexpressed in patients with autoimmune diseases, contributing to tissue damage, immune dysregulation, and inflammation. These effects are particularly evident in conditions such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and psoriatic arthritis, making the IL-23/IL-17 axis a major target for emerging biologic therapies.

Therapeutic strategies that block IL-23 or its receptor have been FDA-approved for treating psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and IBD. By inhibiting this inflammatory pathway, these treatments help reduce disease progression, alleviate symptoms, and improve patient outcomes. Understanding this mechanism is essential for healthcare providers seeking optimized, targeted treatment options for their patients.

For more information on IL-23-targeted therapies and advances in gastroenterology, hepatology, and immune-mediated disease treatment, visit GHAPP.org or download the GHAPP ACE mobile app on Android or IOS. Stay connected with us on LinkedIn, YouTube, X (formerly Twitter), and Instagram for expert insights and updates.
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                            [faq_title] => Describe the IL-23/IL-17 Axis
                            [faq_description] => Welcome to this FAQ video module, proudly supported by Johnson & Johnson. 

In this educational session, Erica Heagy, NP, from Alaska Digestive and Liver Disease, explores the IL-23/IL-17 axis, a crucial pathway in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and other immune-mediated disorders.

The IL-23 cytokine plays a pivotal role in promoting Th17 cell differentiation, which in turn produces pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-17A, IL-17F, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-6. IL-17, a key driver of chronic inflammation, is overexpressed in patients with autoimmune diseases, contributing to tissue damage, immune dysregulation, and inflammation. These effects are particularly evident in conditions such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and psoriatic arthritis, making the IL-23/IL-17 axis a major target for emerging biologic therapies.

Therapeutic strategies that block IL-23 or its receptor have been FDA-approved for treating psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and IBD. By inhibiting this inflammatory pathway, these treatments help reduce disease progression, alleviate symptoms, and improve patient outcomes. Understanding this mechanism is essential for healthcare providers seeking optimized, targeted treatment options for their patients.

For more information on IL-23-targeted therapies and advances in gastroenterology, hepatology, and immune-mediated disease treatment, visit GHAPP.org or download the GHAPP ACE mobile app on Android or IOS. Stay connected with us on LinkedIn, YouTube, X (formerly Twitter), and Instagram for expert insights and updates.
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                            [faq_title] => Define, Compare, and Contrast Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Johnson & Johnson for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this FAQ video module, Erica Heagy, NP, from Alaska Digestive and Liver Disease, breaks down the key differences between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, two crucial components of the adaptive immune system that protect the body from infections.

Adaptive immunity is triggered when the body is exposed to antigens, allowing it to mount a targeted defense against viruses, bacteria, and toxins. Within this system, humoral and cell-mediated immunity function in distinct but complementary ways.

Humoral immunity, also known as antibody-mediated immunity, is driven by B cells, which produce antibodies to neutralize extracellular pathogens such as bacteria and toxins. This response develops rapidly, offering quick protection, but it tends to be shorter-lasting compared to cellular immunity.

In contrast, cell-mediated immunity is primarily led by T cells and plays a crucial role in combating intracellular pathogens, including virus-infected cells. This response takes longer to activate, but it provides long-term protection by directly targeting and eliminating infected cells.

Understanding the balance between humoral and cellular immunity is essential in infectious disease management, vaccine development, and autoimmune disorder research. A strong grasp of these immune responses helps healthcare providers make informed decisions about treatments, immunotherapies, and disease prevention strategies.

For more information on immune system functions, immunotherapy, and advancements in gastroenterology, visit GHAPP.org or download the GHAPP ACE app on IOS and Android. Follow us on LinkedIn, YouTube, X (Twitter), and Instagram for expert insights and updates.
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                            [faq_title] => Define, Compare, and Contrast Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Johnson & Johnson for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this FAQ video module, Erica Heagy, NP, from Alaska Digestive and Liver Disease, breaks down the key differences between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, two crucial components of the adaptive immune system that protect the body from infections.

Adaptive immunity is triggered when the body is exposed to antigens, allowing it to mount a targeted defense against viruses, bacteria, and toxins. Within this system, humoral and cell-mediated immunity function in distinct but complementary ways.

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In contrast, cell-mediated immunity is primarily led by T cells and plays a crucial role in combating intracellular pathogens, including virus-infected cells. This response takes longer to activate, but it provides long-term protection by directly targeting and eliminating infected cells.

Understanding the balance between humoral and cellular immunity is essential in infectious disease management, vaccine development, and autoimmune disorder research. A strong grasp of these immune responses helps healthcare providers make informed decisions about treatments, immunotherapies, and disease prevention strategies.

For more information on immune system functions, immunotherapy, and advancements in gastroenterology, visit GHAPP.org or download the GHAPP ACE app on IOS and Android. Follow us on LinkedIn, YouTube, X (Twitter), and Instagram for expert insights and updates.
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                            [faq_title] => How Is MASH Severity Staged? What Would an Ideal MASH NIT Algorithm Look Like?
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Madrigal for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this FAQ Video Module, Jonathan Yeh, PA, from Columbia University Irving Medical Center, discusses the evolution of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) diagnosis and fibrosis staging. Formerly known as NASH, MASH was traditionally diagnosed through liver biopsy, but non-invasive testing (NITs) is now widely accepted for fibrosis assessment.

Key non-invasive methods include FibroScan, which uses Vibration-Controlled Transient Elastography (VCTE), the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) Test, and the FibroSure Blood Test. When used together, these tests provide a reliable assessment of fibrosis stage, significantly reducing the need for invasive liver biopsy.

Fibrosis staging follows the METAVIR system, which categorizes fibrosis from Stage 0 (no fibrosis) to Stage 4 (cirrhosis). Additionally, necroinflammatory activity is scored from A0 to A3, representing increasing hepatitis severity. By integrating FibroScan with ELF or FibroSure blood test results, healthcare providers can improve diagnostic accuracy and ensure more effective patient management.

As non-invasive fibrosis staging continues to evolve, incorporating these advanced diagnostic tools allows for earlier detection, better disease monitoring, and improved treatment strategies for patients with MASH.

For more expert insights, visit the GHAPP website or download the GHAPP ACE app on IOS or Android.
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                            [faq_title] => How Is MASH Severity Staged? What Would an Ideal MASH NIT Algorithm Look Like?
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Madrigal for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this FAQ Video Module, Jonathan Yeh, PA, from Columbia University Irving Medical Center, discusses the evolution of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) diagnosis and fibrosis staging. Formerly known as NASH, MASH was traditionally diagnosed through liver biopsy, but non-invasive testing (NITs) is now widely accepted for fibrosis assessment.

Key non-invasive methods include FibroScan, which uses Vibration-Controlled Transient Elastography (VCTE), the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) Test, and the FibroSure Blood Test. When used together, these tests provide a reliable assessment of fibrosis stage, significantly reducing the need for invasive liver biopsy.

Fibrosis staging follows the METAVIR system, which categorizes fibrosis from Stage 0 (no fibrosis) to Stage 4 (cirrhosis). Additionally, necroinflammatory activity is scored from A0 to A3, representing increasing hepatitis severity. By integrating FibroScan with ELF or FibroSure blood test results, healthcare providers can improve diagnostic accuracy and ensure more effective patient management.

As non-invasive fibrosis staging continues to evolve, incorporating these advanced diagnostic tools allows for earlier detection, better disease monitoring, and improved treatment strategies for patients with MASH.

For more expert insights, visit the GHAPP website or download the GHAPP ACE app on IOS or Android.
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                            [faq_title] => What Are the Consequences of MASH Going Untreated?
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Madrigal for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this FAQ Video Module, Corrie Berk, NP, Director of Hepatology and Transplant Outreach Programs at the Texas Liver Institute, discusses the serious consequences of untreated Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) and how Advanced Practice Providers (APPs) can play a crucial role in patient education and early intervention.

MASH is often a silent liver disease, meaning symptoms may not appear until significant damage has occurred. If left untreated, MASH can progress to liver inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver failure. Alarmingly, MASH is now the fastest-growing cause of liver cancer and the leading indication for liver transplants in the U.S.. Beyond liver complications, the metabolic dysfunction associated with MASH—including insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia—increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, heart attack, and stroke. Additionally, poorly managed MASH can worsen insulin resistance, leading to the development or progression of type 2 diabetes. These life-threatening consequences make early detection and proactive management essential in preventing long-term health complications.

APPs, including nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs), play a vital role in educating patients about MASH and the importance of early intervention. One of the most effective strategies is to simplify complex medical concepts by using layman's terms, visual aids, and relatable analogies to explain MASH, its progression, and how it affects liver health. Avoiding medical jargon ensures that patients fully understand the risks associated with the disease.

Another key approach is to highlight the connection between MASH and metabolic health. Educating patients about the links between MASH, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol helps them understand how managing metabolic syndrome can help prevent or slow MASH progression. It’s also crucial to emphasize the benefits of early intervention, explaining that MASH progression can be prevented through lifestyle changes, medical management, and early detection. Taking action early can help prevent MASH from advancing to cirrhosis, liver failure, or cancer.

Encouraging lifestyle modifications is another essential role for APPs. Providing patients with practical, achievable strategies for improving diet, exercise, and metabolic health can lead to long-term success. Offering referrals to dietitians, structured fitness plans, and nutrition guidelines can support sustainable changes without overwhelming patients.

Finally, staying updated on the latest research, treatment guidelines, and clinical recommendations for MASH allows APPs to provide the most effective and up-to-date patient education. Sharing real-life patient success stories can also be a powerful motivator, demonstrating that early lifestyle modifications and treatment can significantly improve patient outcomes.

By implementing these education and engagement strategies, APPs can enhance patient understanding of MASH, encourage early intervention, and ultimately help reduce the growing burden of MASH-related liver disease and metabolic complications.

For more expert insights on MASH prevention, diagnosis, and management, visit the GHAPP website or download the GHAPP ACE App.
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                            [faq_description] => Thank you Madrigal for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this FAQ Video Module, Corrie Berk, NP, Director of Hepatology and Transplant Outreach Programs at the Texas Liver Institute, discusses the serious consequences of untreated Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) and how Advanced Practice Providers (APPs) can play a crucial role in patient education and early intervention.

MASH is often a silent liver disease, meaning symptoms may not appear until significant damage has occurred. If left untreated, MASH can progress to liver inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver failure. Alarmingly, MASH is now the fastest-growing cause of liver cancer and the leading indication for liver transplants in the U.S.. Beyond liver complications, the metabolic dysfunction associated with MASH—including insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia—increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, heart attack, and stroke. Additionally, poorly managed MASH can worsen insulin resistance, leading to the development or progression of type 2 diabetes. These life-threatening consequences make early detection and proactive management essential in preventing long-term health complications.

APPs, including nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs), play a vital role in educating patients about MASH and the importance of early intervention. One of the most effective strategies is to simplify complex medical concepts by using layman's terms, visual aids, and relatable analogies to explain MASH, its progression, and how it affects liver health. Avoiding medical jargon ensures that patients fully understand the risks associated with the disease.

Another key approach is to highlight the connection between MASH and metabolic health. Educating patients about the links between MASH, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol helps them understand how managing metabolic syndrome can help prevent or slow MASH progression. It’s also crucial to emphasize the benefits of early intervention, explaining that MASH progression can be prevented through lifestyle changes, medical management, and early detection. Taking action early can help prevent MASH from advancing to cirrhosis, liver failure, or cancer.

Encouraging lifestyle modifications is another essential role for APPs. Providing patients with practical, achievable strategies for improving diet, exercise, and metabolic health can lead to long-term success. Offering referrals to dietitians, structured fitness plans, and nutrition guidelines can support sustainable changes without overwhelming patients.

Finally, staying updated on the latest research, treatment guidelines, and clinical recommendations for MASH allows APPs to provide the most effective and up-to-date patient education. Sharing real-life patient success stories can also be a powerful motivator, demonstrating that early lifestyle modifications and treatment can significantly improve patient outcomes.

By implementing these education and engagement strategies, APPs can enhance patient understanding of MASH, encourage early intervention, and ultimately help reduce the growing burden of MASH-related liver disease and metabolic complications.

For more expert insights on MASH prevention, diagnosis, and management, visit the GHAPP website or download the GHAPP ACE App.
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                            [faq_title] => What is MASH?
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Madrigal for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this FAQ Video Module, Corrie Berk, NP, Director of Hepatology and Transplant Outreach Programs at the Texas Liver Institute, answers key questions about Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH)—a progressive liver disease that was previously known as Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH).

MASH is the inflammatory form of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and is caused by the buildup of excess fat in the liver in individuals who consume little to no alcohol. This condition can lead to liver inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and an increased risk of liver cancer. While genetics may play a role, MASH is closely linked to metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia, which contribute to disease progression.

Diagnosing MASH requires a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and non-invasive tests. Physicians often use ultrasound or MRI to detect liver fat, while FibroScan helps assess liver stiffness and fibrosis. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other liver diseases. By integrating these diagnostic tools, healthcare providers can better assess the severity of MASH and guide treatment decisions.

The transition from NASH (Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis) to MASH (Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis) reflects a major shift in medical understanding. The previous term emphasized the absence of alcohol use but failed to highlight the metabolic dysfunction driving the disease. By renaming it MASH, the medical community now recognizes that metabolic health plays a critical role in disease progression. The name change also aligns research efforts and public health messaging, emphasizing the importance of early detection, lifestyle interventions, and emerging treatments that address both liver disease and metabolic risk factors.

With MASH now recognized as a metabolic-driven condition, healthcare providers are shifting their focus toward comprehensive management strategies that target obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia alongside liver-specific treatments. This new approach aims to improve patient outcomes by addressing the root causes of MASH rather than just its symptoms.

For more expert insights on MASH diagnosis, treatment, and management, visit the GHAPP website or download the GHAPP ACE App.
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                            [faq_description] => Thank you Madrigal for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this FAQ Video Module, Corrie Berk, NP, Director of Hepatology and Transplant Outreach Programs at the Texas Liver Institute, answers key questions about Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH)—a progressive liver disease that was previously known as Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH).

MASH is the inflammatory form of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and is caused by the buildup of excess fat in the liver in individuals who consume little to no alcohol. This condition can lead to liver inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and an increased risk of liver cancer. While genetics may play a role, MASH is closely linked to metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia, which contribute to disease progression.

Diagnosing MASH requires a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and non-invasive tests. Physicians often use ultrasound or MRI to detect liver fat, while FibroScan helps assess liver stiffness and fibrosis. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other liver diseases. By integrating these diagnostic tools, healthcare providers can better assess the severity of MASH and guide treatment decisions.

The transition from NASH (Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis) to MASH (Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis) reflects a major shift in medical understanding. The previous term emphasized the absence of alcohol use but failed to highlight the metabolic dysfunction driving the disease. By renaming it MASH, the medical community now recognizes that metabolic health plays a critical role in disease progression. The name change also aligns research efforts and public health messaging, emphasizing the importance of early detection, lifestyle interventions, and emerging treatments that address both liver disease and metabolic risk factors.

With MASH now recognized as a metabolic-driven condition, healthcare providers are shifting their focus toward comprehensive management strategies that target obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia alongside liver-specific treatments. This new approach aims to improve patient outcomes by addressing the root causes of MASH rather than just its symptoms.

For more expert insights on MASH diagnosis, treatment, and management, visit the GHAPP website or download the GHAPP ACE App.
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                            [faq_description] => Thank you Boehringer Ingelheim for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

Join Tedra Gray, NP, as she dives into what it means for a biosimilar to be interchangeable. Interchangeability is a key designation in the world of biosimilars, ensuring that these medications can be substituted for their reference products at the pharmacy level without the need for prescriber approval. Only a select few biosimilars have earned interchangeability status, meaning they have undergone rigorous FDA evaluation to demonstrate that switching between the biosimilar and the reference product does not compromise safety, efficacy, or patient outcomes. This designation plays a critical role in reducing healthcare costs for both patients and payers by allowing for seamless substitutions when the reference product is unavailable.

To receive FDA approval as an interchangeable biosimilar, manufacturers must conduct extensive clinical studies assessing safety and effectiveness when patients alternate between the reference product and the biosimilar. The results must confirm no loss of effectiveness or increase in safety risks associated with switching. This process ensures that patients receive continuous treatment without unnecessary delays or interruptions in care.

Interchangeable biosimilars are essential in improving access to treatment and managing diseases in a cost-efficient manner. To learn more about biosimilars, interchangeability, and their impact on patient care, visit www.ghapp.org or visit the GHAPP ACE mobile app.
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                            [faq_title] => What Does It Mean for a Biosimilar to Be Interchangeable, and Why Is That Important?
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Boehringer Ingelheim for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

Join Tedra Gray, NP, as she dives into what it means for a biosimilar to be interchangeable. Interchangeability is a key designation in the world of biosimilars, ensuring that these medications can be substituted for their reference products at the pharmacy level without the need for prescriber approval. Only a select few biosimilars have earned interchangeability status, meaning they have undergone rigorous FDA evaluation to demonstrate that switching between the biosimilar and the reference product does not compromise safety, efficacy, or patient outcomes. This designation plays a critical role in reducing healthcare costs for both patients and payers by allowing for seamless substitutions when the reference product is unavailable.

To receive FDA approval as an interchangeable biosimilar, manufacturers must conduct extensive clinical studies assessing safety and effectiveness when patients alternate between the reference product and the biosimilar. The results must confirm no loss of effectiveness or increase in safety risks associated with switching. This process ensures that patients receive continuous treatment without unnecessary delays or interruptions in care.

Interchangeable biosimilars are essential in improving access to treatment and managing diseases in a cost-efficient manner. To learn more about biosimilars, interchangeability, and their impact on patient care, visit www.ghapp.org or visit the GHAPP ACE mobile app.
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                            [faq_title] => What Resources Do You Use to Understand the Latest Approaches to Managing IBS-C Patients?
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Ardelyx for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this FAQ Video Module, Kim Orleck, PA-C, from Atlanta Gastroenterology Associates, shares the most valuable resources for staying up to date on the latest approaches to managing IBS-C patients. As treatment strategies continue to evolve, leveraging evidence-based guidelines, professional conferences, industry expertise, and peer discussions can enhance patient care and optimize treatment outcomes.

One of the most critical resources for managing IBS-C is clinical guidelines. Both the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) and American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) guidelines offer comprehensive, evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating IBS-C. These guidelines align closely on key management strategies, making them essential reading for any healthcare provider treating patients with IBS-C.

Beyond published guidelines, attending conferences is an invaluable way to stay current with emerging research and treatment advancements. Events like GHAPP’s regional and national conferences provide networking opportunities, peer collaboration, and expert-led discussions tailored for advanced practice providers (APPs) in gastroenterology and hepatology. Additionally, the ACG Annual Meeting is another excellent platform for learning about the latest research, therapeutic innovations, and clinical best practices in IBS-C management.

Industry partnerships also play a crucial role in expanding knowledge about new therapies, clinical trial data, and medication access. Engaging with pharmaceutical representatives and medical science liaisons (MSLs) can provide deeper insights into treatment efficacy, side effect profiles, and insurance coverage considerations. Attending industry-sponsored dinners, webinars, and educational programs can further enhance clinical understanding and keep providers informed on the latest advancements in IBS-C treatment.

Lastly, peer-to-peer discussions are a valuable and often underutilized resource. Collaborating with fellow APPs, supervising physicians, and GI specialists fosters shared learning and exchange of best practices. Discussing real-world cases and patient experiences with colleagues can provide practical insights that go beyond textbook knowledge and help refine individualized patient care approaches.

By utilizing clinical guidelines, conferences, industry expertise, and peer collaboration, APPs can ensure they are delivering evidence-based, patient-centered care for individuals with IBS-C.

For more expert insights on IBS-C diagnosis, treatment strategies, and patient management, visit the GHAPP website or download the GHAPP ACE app.
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                            [faq_title] => What Resources Do You Use to Understand the Latest Approaches to Managing IBS-C Patients?
                            [faq_description] => Thank you Ardelyx for your support of this FAQ Video Module. 

In this FAQ Video Module, Kim Orleck, PA-C, from Atlanta Gastroenterology Associates, shares the most valuable resources for staying up to date on the latest approaches to managing IBS-C patients. As treatment strategies continue to evolve, leveraging evidence-based guidelines, professional conferences, industry expertise, and peer discussions can enhance patient care and optimize treatment outcomes.

One of the most critical resources for managing IBS-C is clinical guidelines. Both the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) and American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) guidelines offer comprehensive, evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating IBS-C. These guidelines align closely on key management strategies, making them essential reading for any healthcare provider treating patients with IBS-C.

Beyond published guidelines, attending conferences is an invaluable way to stay current with emerging research and treatment advancements. Events like GHAPP’s regional and national conferences provide networking opportunities, peer collaboration, and expert-led discussions tailored for advanced practice providers (APPs) in gastroenterology and hepatology. Additionally, the ACG Annual Meeting is another excellent platform for learning about the latest research, therapeutic innovations, and clinical best practices in IBS-C management.

Industry partnerships also play a crucial role in expanding knowledge about new therapies, clinical trial data, and medication access. Engaging with pharmaceutical representatives and medical science liaisons (MSLs) can provide deeper insights into treatment efficacy, side effect profiles, and insurance coverage considerations. Attending industry-sponsored dinners, webinars, and educational programs can further enhance clinical understanding and keep providers informed on the latest advancements in IBS-C treatment.

Lastly, peer-to-peer discussions are a valuable and often underutilized resource. Collaborating with fellow APPs, supervising physicians, and GI specialists fosters shared learning and exchange of best practices. Discussing real-world cases and patient experiences with colleagues can provide practical insights that go beyond textbook knowledge and help refine individualized patient care approaches.

By utilizing clinical guidelines, conferences, industry expertise, and peer collaboration, APPs can ensure they are delivering evidence-based, patient-centered care for individuals with IBS-C.

For more expert insights on IBS-C diagnosis, treatment strategies, and patient management, visit the GHAPP website or download the GHAPP ACE app.
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